Vintage sign Soviet pins Awards badge USSR coat of arms hammer and sickle ORIGIN

Description

Official signs of a civil registry office employee with gilding from the times of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 3 pcs.
Rare Soviet badges "Registry Office worker" (administrator of marriage ceremonies), Soviet times - new, in cases with a label.
Description of the signs - a large pentagon, it has an openwork pattern around the perimeter, in the center - a golden pentagon with an oak-maple broom, sickle and hammer, enamel.
The history of the modern registry office system dates back to December 18, 1917, when the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On civil marriage, on children and on keeping books of state certificates" was adopted. The next day – December 19 – another decree "On the dissolution of marriage" appeared. These and other important documents have radically changed the traditions of recording and controlling birth, marriage and death that have developed in Russia. At all stages of the development of the Soviet state, the registration of civil status acts by civil registry offices was an effective means of state regulation of the vital activity of the fundamental unit of society – the family, and was an important tool for ensuring the personal and property rights of citizens.
Until the October Revolution, the functions of civil registration in Russia were performed by the Russian Orthodox Church, which conducted large-scale record keeping for this purpose. It was carried out by spiritual parables of temples, offices of consistories and spiritual boards.
In 1721, by Decree of Peter I, church institutions were included in the system of state bodies and the entire Orthodox population of the Russian Empire was assigned to church parishes at the place of residence. Since 1722, birth, marriage and death have been taken into account in the metric books. For persons of non–Orthodox faith, the birth record was introduced later (for Lutherans – in 1764, for Catholics – in 1826, Mohammedans – in 1828, Jews - in 1835, Old Believers – in 1874).
The legality of marriage, the facts of birth and death was determined by the entry in the church metric books, which were created in accordance with the Decree of the Synod of February 20, 1724. Each book consisted of three parts containing information:
– birth certificate: date of birth and baptism, first and last name, place of residence and religion of parents and godparents, legality and illegality of birth;
– about marriage: name, surname, place of residence, nationality, religion of the bride and groom, at what age they marry, wedding date, surnames and names of witnesses;
– about death: name, surname, place of residence, age of the deceased, date and cause of death, place of burial.
Since that time, the active formation and distribution of metric books began in the Russian Empire. The decree of the Synod of November 23, 1779 "On the proper maintenance of metric books in all parish churches" left the norm of keeping books in two copies and their mandatory presence both in parishes and consistories, where they served for the needs of the state and were more reliably protected from loss. One of the traditional means of protecting metrics from forgery in Russia was a special form with Church Slavonic ordinary church font and watermarks. Typographic forms on paper with spaces were introduced by a Decree of the Synod in 1806. Short extracts from these documents were sent to the police station at the groom's place of residence. Today, the metrical books of religious institutions are sometimes the only documentary source when studying the history of their kind, compiling a generational painting or a family tree. The decrees "On Civil Marriage, on children and on the maintenance of civil status records, as well as "On the dissolution of marriage" essentially abolished the old order of regulation of marital and family relations. The Church was suspended from civil registration. From now on, only secular marriages were officially recognized in the Russian Republic. At the same time, the religious wedding ceremony was not canceled, but was henceforth considered a "private matter of the couple." Marriages concluded in the church form before the decree was adopted retained legal force, and they did not need to be reissued.
It should be noted that the conditions for marriage have become much simpler. It was enough to reach the age of marriage: 16 years for women and 18 years for men and the mutual consent of the future spouses. The following circumstances were recognized as obstacles to marriage: the presence of a mental illness in one of the spouses, the condition of the bride and groom in prohibited degrees of kinship (marriages between ascending and descending relatives, siblings were prohibited), as well as the presence of another marriage that was not dissolved. Another important provision contained in this decree was the equation in the rights of "legitimate" and so-called "illegitimate" children. On the basis of the decree "On the dissolution of Marriage", divorce cases were removed from the competence of the ecclesiastical courts. Divorce cases initiated on the unilateral application of the spouse were transferred to the jurisdiction of local courts.
On January 4, 1918, the People's Commissar of Justice and the People's Commissar of Local Self-Government issued "Instructions on the organization of departments of marriage and birth records", designed to implement the provisions of the decree of December 18, 1917. This instruction approved the immediate creation of marriage and birth records departments at the volost, county and district councils and defined their goals, tasks, functions and composition.
If the first decrees affected only some aspects of family relations, then the "Code of Laws on Acts of Civil Status, Marriage, Family and Guardianship Law", adopted at the session of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR on September 16, 1918, became the first separate codified legal act regulating family relations. With the adoption of this document, family law was separated into a separate independent branch, and the regulation of family relations began to be carried out separately from civil ones.
In accordance with the Code, the registration of acts of civil status was completely transferred to the civil authority. According to Article 246, the structure of the registry Office consisted of district and local departments under the volost, city and district government bodies. The general management of the registration of civil status acts was carried out by the Central Registry Office of the NKVD of the RSFSR.
The Code established that only a civil (Soviet) marriage registered in the registry Office department generates the rights and obligations of spouses. The document defined a number of grounds necessary for invalidation of marriage: marriage with a person who has not reached the age of marriage, the lack of consent to the marriage of one of the spouses, marriage between persons, one of whom is in another, not dissolved marriage, the presence of prohibited degrees of kinship, marriage with incapacitated. The recognition of the marriage as invalid was carried out in court.
According to this code, the choice of a common surname, or a double one, was carried out by the spouses themselves, whereas before the revolution, the adoption of a double surname or a wife's surname required the highest permission. The divorce procedure has become even more simplified. As before, with the mutual consent of the spouses, the divorce was carried out by the registry Office. Cases of divorce on the application of one of the spouses were considered as indisputable by a judge alone without the participation of assessors. In case of absence of both spouses, the case was heard in absentia. No evidence of family breakdown was required from the divorcees.
In 1918-1919, measures were taken to remove metric books from churches and place them in archives at the registry offices. By the end of the 1920s, all metric books were completely transferred to the registry Office.
The correspondence of the heads of local civil registration departments with the District Registry Office Department of this period contains repeated requests to supply them with books, seals, stamps, stationery. The list of office supplies included pencils and pens for pens, black and red ink, thread and needles for filing papers, stearin candles and matches, tapes for typewriters, copy and writing paper. Candles and kerosene were especially relevant due to the fact that there was no electric lighting in the premises of local departments, and employees often stayed at work until late in the evening. The lack of books and paper led to the fact that sometimes visitors had to refuse to register some acts (except for births, marriages and deaths), and in some parish registry offices of Mamadyshsky county, part of the work was done on ... birch bark.
In winter, correspondence often contained insistent requests for the supply of firewood to departments, since the institutions of that time had stove heating.
Despite the difficulties, the employees of the departments made every effort to ensure that the work on population metrication took place in strict accordance with the laws and regulations of the young Soviet state.
In connection with the formation of the USSR on December 30, 1922, preparations for the creation of a new family code were launched. The corresponding Code on Marriage, Family and Guardianship (CoBSO) was adopted on November 19, 1926.
The most significant innovation of this document was the giving of legal significance to the actual marital relations. The marriage registration was not canceled, but the actual marriage relationship was largely equated to a registered marriage. The Code established a single age of marriage for men and women of 18 years.
The divorce was annulled in court. Any marriage was dissolved in the registry office, and without calling the second spouse, who was only informed of the fact of divorce. The record of the father of an illegitimate child was made according to the mother's application submitted after the birth of the child. At the same time, no evidence was required from her. The father was only informed about such a record and was given the right to appeal it in court within one year.
Another innovation of KoBSO was the transition from the principle of separation to the principle of community in marital property. Since 1926, a rule has been established throughout the USSR, according to which all property acquired in marriage is the common property of the spouses. The size of the share of each of the spouses in such property was determined at its division by the court.
In the development of the norms of the Code on Marriage, Family and Guardianship in 1933, an Instruction on the procedure for registration of acts of civil status was adopted, which regulated in detail the issues of registration of acts of civil status.
In the conditions of the administrative and command system that developed in the country in the early 1930s, attention to the activities of the registry offices is increasing. The department, which stores the primary information on the current accounting of the population, was finally included in the structure of the departments of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs in July 1934. All employees of the Registry Office departments received police ranks, and the heads of departments became NKVD officers. Since August 27, 1937, the Department of Civil Status Acts of the NKVD of the USSR began to carry out the general management of the work of the registry offices. The work of the bodies registering acts of civil status in the Union and autonomous republics, territories and regions was supervised, respectively, by the departments of civil status acts of the NKVD of the Union and autonomous republics, the regional and regional departments of the NKVD. In August 1937, by order of the NKVD, the Instruction on the procedure for registering acts of civil status was approved.
The registry offices worked closely with the health authorities, internal affairs and military commissariats. At the end of the 1930s, work began to improve on the protection of motherhood and childhood, control over the activities of medical organizations was strengthened. For example, in 1936, the law "On the prohibition of abortions, increasing financial assistance to women in labor, establishing state assistance to multi-family, expanding the network of maternity homes, nurseries and kindergartens, strengthening criminal penalties for non-payment of alimony and some changes in the divorce legislation" was adopted.
Additional measures were taken to strengthen the family. In order to reduce the number of frivolous divorces, in accordance with the decree of the CEC and the SNK of the USSR of June 27, 1936, the divorce procedure was complicated: both spouses had to appear at the registry office, a note was made in the passport about the divorce, the fee for its registration increased.
During the Great Patriotic War, the registry offices, despite all the difficulties, fully performed the functions assigned to them. Citizens continued to marry, divorce, and register the birth of children. Cases of adoption were frequent, in connection with which, on September 8, 1943, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on adoption was issued. According to the Decree, adopted children were equated with relatives.
It is obvious that the demographic situation that developed as a result of the war required increased attention from the state to family problems, strengthening family relations. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1944 "On increasing state assistance to pregnant women, large and single mothers, strengthening motherhood and childhood, establishing the honorary title of "Mother Heroine", the establishment of the Order of Maternal Glory and the Medal of Motherhood" was also directed to this. In accordance with the Decree, the mandatory registration of marriage was re-established. All married couples who are in an actual marital relationship, for their official recognition, were required to register their marriage with the registry Office. The divorce procedure has also undergone significant changes. Only the judicial procedure for the dissolution of marriage was approved, during which the People's Court was obliged to make efforts to reconcile the spouses.
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the work of the registry Office continued to remain in the government's field of view. The resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of January 8, 1946 "On measures to streamline the registration of acts of civil status" obliged the district and city registry offices to provide comfortable premises by March 1, 1946, while providing for the allocation of separate waiting rooms and a hall for marriage and birth registration. By April 1, 1946, the local authorities had to put all the premises in order, equip them with the necessary furniture, inventory and ensure their maintenance in an exemplary manner. In the same year, the NKVD was renamed the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
On October 25, 1956, the registry offices were removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and transferred to the local Councils of Workers' Deputies. And in accordance with the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 524 of June 7, 1957 "On the organization of the management of registry offices" in the states of the Council of Ministers of Autonomous Republics, regional executive committees, regional executive committees and city executive committees of cities of republican subordination, there were posts of registry office inspectors to guide and monitor the work of these bodies on the ground. Methodical management of the activities of the registry offices was entrusted to the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR, as part of the central office of which a special department was created. On January 20, 1958, the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR approved the "Instruction on the procedure for registration of acts of civil status". It contained requirements for the registration of birth, marriage, adoption, divorce, death, changes of surnames and names, as well as rules for filling out forms of assembly records. The Instructions also reflect the issues of reporting on the registration of acts of civil status, registration of forms of certificates, requirements for the storage of acts in the archives of the Registry Office. The document contained samples of assembly records, forms of certificates, forms of certificates, stamps and forwarding statements.
In connection with the transfer of civil registration functions to the executive committees of local Councils of Workers' Deputies, the archives of the registry offices of autonomous republics, territories and regions were transferred to the direct jurisdiction of the Council of Ministers of Autonomous Republics, regional executive committees and regional executive committees. This made it possible to improve the work of the registry Office. At the same time, as evidenced by the letter of the Registry Office Department of the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR "On streamlining the work of the Registry Office archives of the Autonomous Republics, territories and regions of the RSFSR" dated October 9, 1958, serious shortcomings were identified in the work of the registry Office archives. It was recommended to pay attention to the organization of cultural reception of citizens and to the creation of appropriate conditions in the reception rooms of archives. If the storage conditions of the assembly records did not meet the requirements, it was necessary to raise the issue of providing the Registry Office archive with the appropriate premises, equipping the archive with racks, cabinets, etc.
By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of February 16, 1959 "On the structure and staff of the Central Office of the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR", the Notary Department and the Registry Office Department were merged into the Notary and Registry Offices Department.
After the adoption of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of February 18, 1964 "On the introduction of new civil rites into the life of Soviet people", serious measures were planned to revise the entire existing system of work of the registry offices. From now on, new premises for the registry offices were to be built according to special architectural and planning projects with halls in which the solemn registration of marriage was provided. Rituals were developed for the solemn registration of birth, held in Palaces of Culture, Pioneer Homes, clubs, maternity hospitals, as well as civil funeral rites. Registration of death was carried out directly in the premises of funeral service shops. New Soviet rites of solemn handing over of passports, seeing off young people to the army, evenings of a young family were created and improved.
In 1968, the All-Union family law act "Fundamentals of Legislation on marriage and family of the USSR and Republics" was adopted for the first time, and in 1969 – the Code on Marriage and Family of the RSFSR. In accordance with it, only the marriage registered in the registry Office was officially recognized. The actual marriage still did not generate any legal consequences. The irreparable disintegration of the family was considered the basis for divorce. In the absence of spouses of minor children or disputes over property, divorce by mutual consent was carried out in the registry Office. In accordance with the Code, civil registration in cities and districts began to be carried out by the departments (bureaus) of the Registry Office of the executive committees of district and city Councils of People's Deputies, and in settlement and rural settlements – directly by the executive committees of settlement and rural Councils of People's Deputies. The Registry Office bodies were guided by this Code until 1997.
By the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the TASSR of January 10, 1969, the Department of Civil Status Records (Registry Office) of the Council of Ministers of the TASSR was established. According to the staffing table, the Department included 10 staff units. He was entrusted with a wide range of tasks: organizing the work of registry offices for the solemn registration of marriages and births, checking the work of district and city registry offices, as well as executive committees of rural and village Councils of Workers' Deputies for the registration of civil status acts by them, analyzing indicators of natural population movement, ensuring the storage of second copies of civil status books, etc.
The general methodological guidance of the work of the registry offices in the USSR was carried out in the period from 1957 to 1971 by the Legal Commission under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and later by the Ministry of Justice of the RSFSR.
After the collapse of the USSR, there was a significant change in the norms of family legislation in the Russian Federation. In 1994, the State Duma established a working group to prepare a new Family Code, which was adopted on December 8, 1995. It entered into force on March 1, 1996. This Code, as well as the Federal Law of November 15, 1997 No. 143-FZ "On Acts of Civil Status" and "Administrative Regulations for the Provision of State services for the State registration of acts of civil status", approved by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on November 29, 2011, are currently fundamental in the work of registry offices.
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